[Effects of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride on alterations of dental plaque pH following sucrose consumption]

Plaque pH drop after consumption of sugary materials may dis-solve enamel minerals. Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate [CPP-ACP] is a paste enriched with calcium and phosphate. The new formulation of this paste, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride [CPP-ACPF], contains 900 ppm fluoride. This paste can neutralize the low pH of bacterial plaque. This study compares the efficacy of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF for neutralizing plaque acidity at different time points. This clinical trial was conducted on 40 students. Plaque pH at the distal of first molar was measured before and 10 minutes after the consumption of 10% sucrose solution. In the next step, CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF pastes were applied as recommended by the manufacturers to the tooth surface. Plaque pH was measured at 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Data was recorded and analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA [P<0.05]. Both CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF increased plaque pH similarly in the first 48 hours. However, the pattern changed from this time point on. CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF had similar efficacy for up to 48 hours, but CPP- ACPF was capable of keeping the pH high by up to 96 hours

[Evaluation the need and demand of orthodontic treatment in 12 years old school students in Abade, Iran]

Orthodontic treatment need and demand in 12-year-olds in Abadeh city has not previously been analysed in relation to geographic origin. The purpose of this study was to assess the12 year old students need and demand for orthodontic treatment. Four hundred seventeen 12-year-old students was selected from public and private schools in Abade [Fars province, Iran]. All the students were examined according to the AC and DHC component of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need [IOTN] by a trained dentist. Students' and parents' perceived needs were also assessed using AC component and their demand for orthodontic treatment was asked through a questionair. Twenty two percent of the students were in "no need of treatment" group when assessed by DHC component, 29.5% were in "average need" and 48.2% were in "definite need" group. When assessed by AC score, these percents were 61.9%, 29%, and 9.1%. Parents and students percieved need for definite orthodontic treatment according to AC score was 8.6% and 7.7%, respectively. The students and their parents' demand for treatment were 40.6% and 44. 9%, respectively. Orthodontic treatment need in Abade is higher in comparison with other reports according to DHC. DHC is not correlated with orthodontic treatment demand of 12 years old students, but AC had a strong relationship with treatment demand

[Assessing the abrasive ability of three different domestic pediatric toothpastes]

The abrasive quality of children's toothpaste has long been the concern of dental professionals. On the other hand, manufacturers have tried to improve the quality and establish ingredient standards. This study was designed to compare the abrasiveness of three locally produced toothpastes, namely Darugar, Pooneh and Kam with Oral-B standard. This experimental study was conducted using 24 samples of composite blocks imbedded in acrylic material. The weight of each specimen was measured by a digital scale at 0.0001gr accuracy. Each specimen was brushed with 200gr force along with the selected tooth paste solutions using V8 cross brushing machine. The weight of each specimen was measured after 5000, 10000, 15000 and 20000 strokes. The mean weight-loss as well as their standard deviations were calculated for each group. The collected data was then analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests. No significant difference was detected between four types of toothpastes after 5000 and 10000 strokes. However, significant differences were observed between Darugar toothpaste and the rest [Kam, Pooneh and Oral-B] after 15000 and 20000 strokes. Darugar pediatric toothpaste showed higher abrasive rate when compared with other toothpastes. The amount of wear was shown to be similar in Kam, Pooneh and Oral-B

[Comparison of face mask treatment with or without expansion screw in dentoskeletal changes of Class III patients]

Among various treatments available for patients with Class III malocclusion, orthopedic protraction of maxilla during the mixed dentition period has been reported to be beneficial in cases with maxillary deficiency. In such patients, however, the maxillary expansion is not sometimes needed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of face mask with and without maxillary expansion screw in Class III malocclusion patients who had maxillary deficiency. Twenty children with class III malocclusion were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups [A and B]. The children in group A were treated with a protraction face mask, and patients in group B were treated with a face mask and removable slow maxillary expansion device. The cephalometric changes in maxilla and mandible, and alterations in dental relations were compared within and between groups before and after treatment. Before-after comparisons in each group were performed with paired sample t-test. Covariance analysis served for between groups comparisons. In group A, the overjet was improved and molar relation was changed into normal occlusion [Class I]. The cephalometric analysis in group B revealed that Class III malocclusion was modified through a forward movement of the maxilla and a backward rotation of the mandible. Face mask is a favorable treatment in improving the antero-posterior position of maxilla and mandible in Class III patients even if they don't need palatal expansion

[Frequency of orthodontic malpractice cases and verdicts filed at the Iranian Medical Council during 1994-2004]

The number of complaints filed by patients at the Iranian Medical Council is rising in recent years. Some of the complaints are related to orthodontics malpractice cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of orthodontics malpractice complaints filed against either specialists or general dental practitioners -according to the final decree registered at the Iranian Medical Council. This descriptive study was designed to examine the relevant documents filed since 1372 [1994], which received rulings by the Iranian Medical Council. Of the 54 orthodontics cases, 31 were filed against general practitioners, 16 against orthodontists, 3 against pediatricians and 4 against so-called denturists. A total of 25 cases were acquitted of all charges, 3 cases were punished verbally, 33 cases received written notice and 4 cases of dentuirists were referred to court. Among all, 27 malpractice cases were against removable and 26 involving fixed orthodontic treatments. Twelve convicted individuals were also charged with lack of professional care, 14 with lack of expertise, and 2 for negligence. This study shows a considerable rise in convicted malpractice cases filed against general dental practitioners [88%], according to registered cases at the Iranian Medical Council over the past ten years. For prevention and control of such events, this result suggests that more education and closer supervision as well as enforcement of regulations are required by authorities